Tourism in turkey

in turkey

History of Tourism in 1.türkiye

Tourism movement in the 19th century world. began in the middle of Europe and the effect shown in other places. The industrial revolution brought the ease of transportation and the distance of time, depending on the increase in prosperity narrowing also added desire to see people having fun gezmek- and began to spread to a wider audience. People had to organizations that desire to iron out. Thomas Cook has also been carried out.

Thomas Cook launched the continent's first trip to Europe as being the Paris Exhibition, and organized trips to the first batch or in other words, the first modern tourism movement that began with an exhibition of the Ottoman Empire. In 1863 "Exhibition-im-i Osmani" thus opening of the exhibition entitled, particularly tourism groups from various places to get Austria has arrived in Istanbul. The first tourist groups from the Ottoman Empire began to go abroad with various regulations.

Several small trips before this event was going to the Ottoman Empire; but not made such a prediction about the amount they had no similarities with the current holiday trip. Old and valuables of the first trips, medals, missionaries, there were visits to come for different purposes, such as historians. Is then reflected in the western tourism development began in the Ottoman Empire, the lack of access roads, the inconvenience of travel conditions, the event for reasons such as failure to provide safety had led to remain small.

Brought together a team of commencement of the foreign needs. These were the most important to increase the demand for accommodation. As yet the habit of visiting the settlement Hotels in Turkish society has developed in our country.

Inherited from the Byzantine state innovation sent to the states for official business complex "carve" wounded the system allows the local authorities where they would reside. Great Sunday that the centers of the goods merchants, they remain in the caravanserai or inn. Until then, as in the majority of the Oriental world, the journey to or from the territory of the Ottoman Empire where the problem was solved but the caravanserai stay free of paving uncomfortable.

Yerli- foreigners without distinction, people with loads of up to three days and the animals were being here a long guests. If customers han constitutes a large part of the merchant four corners of large usually made of stone and around a large courtyard consists of warehouse fitted with a variety of goods and on the upper floors furnished in a modest way through the archways rooms were located. Many of Istanbul inn was shared by different nations. Traders from the same nation were collected at certain inn. Edirne in the late 1860s opened the first hotel built on traditional inn Auberge structure; The rooms are furnished very little food and service at the hotel was opened

Acquainted with the modern sense of the Ottoman Empire in 1863 and Istanbul in 1870 linking tourism activities in Paris "Orient Express (Orient Railway)" The opening has been influential in the subsequent increase in the number of tourists. Construction of the first hotel in Istanbul encouraged it further. In 1892 to accommodate the Orient Express customers PABs built the Hotel Pere. Meanwhile, for the first time began to form a tourism industry, hotels, restaurants, currency exchange, guide services organization had entered the road in Pera.

During this period, visitors were coming or why Istanbul ferry or train. 20th Century. Earlier, from Paris to Istanbul three times a week, mail train journey time was slipping twice and the first 68, with the latter lasted 83 hours. Both the travel agency was opened in the city and they were featured in Pera.

Foreigners taking a visa easily, they can come to Istanbul; but there were no obligation to take the motion to move around within the country. I also had to do at each stage of the journey. A lot of time and strength, which in this business directory first, then, had undertaken the first tourist agencies.

Other economic activities such as tourism experienced the war years with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire period, had a negative impact on development.

Since the early years of the Republic, especially in the sectors related to tourism revival began, especially the transportation sector. Turkey by Ataturk to maintain their organizational activities related to tourism "Seyyab the Society" was founded. 2. This association was set up to half of Turkey's tourism policy as the official World War II. Founded in 1934, the Turkish office name has assumed responsibility for a büroyl state tourism activities and began to be addressed in the sector since 1957, the Ministry level.

Despite all these developments began to be addressed at the level. Despite all these developments until recently Turkey has an important place in international tourism. Still could not find the opportunity to expand the facilities of accommodation until recently. Reasons include, among.

1.Genis did not have a local customer base.

2nd Istanbul, the Middle East could become one of the tourist centers.

3.Yerel capital with tourism and thus düsükülg hotel because of the snow is not directed to this situation lasted until very recently.

Our 2.Gönü Tourism

International tourism, Turkey has long been trying to develop and exchange began hoping for stability, but is a phenomenon that only recently met on a mass scale.

The number of foreign tourists coming to our country for so many years was at a low level. In 1950, 30.00 in even less attracts visitors to Turkey, the world is entering into a major process of development of tourism and its reflection in it for our country, for that time, showing a way that development can be considered fast, this number has done to 166,000 in 1959, 1960, political This number is then entered into a process of re-growth in 1965, declining for the first time had passed half a million reasons. From 1950 the number of tourists over the next 30-year period had reached the highest value in 1973.

This tourism was an improvement commensurate with the efforts made towards development in Turkey and one million, exceeding the number of tourists as a result Efforts to 1973, was becoming more next 11 years there was an amount can not be obtained in as well. Tourism also, like all economic activity is based on supply and demand and the level of accommodation required to meet the demand in Turkey, in terms of access to the necessary tourist needs, the expected increase in the number of tourists was not achieved for many years.

Area countries, the number of visitors to our country and to reach a somewhat significant amount compared to the population, for example, exceed 2,000,000, to meet with mass tourism events, but it was in the mid-1980s, and this type of tourism is also only about 10 - 12 years of history can be said.

Positive changes that appear in world tourism in 1988 was reflected in Turkey and the number of tourists has exceeded 4,000,000, an increase of 46.7% for the first time in a year has passed the 5,000,000 in 1990. In the mid-1990s as a result of the efforts of Turkey continued for many years, attracted the largest number of tourists and tourism revenue in the world starting to gain an important place in international tourism has managed to be among the first 20 countries. In 1991, the Gulf of affected regions in which entirely in Turkey crisis and also from Western Europe at a rate to line three the number that came to Turkey, although it leads to a reduction by half in from some countries, the total number of tourists due to come from Eastern European countries 2% The increase over even showed. From 1992 to 8,000,000 in Western Europe the number of tourists who tend to the number of 196 to win the rise again from the country in 1997 was close to £ 10 million, surpassing the 9,000,000 limit. Turkey 1 million tourists per month for the first time in this circuit, was introduced in July 1995.

a) Turkey has tried to promote the efforts for many years with the public and private sectors around the world tourist market.

b) could not carry a meaning without providing a long-term stability in the country of this promotion. Because of terrorism, as in 1993, although there are some small negative circuits seem that stability is no longer ensured.

c) significant changes occurred in the understanding and the quest for tourism in developed countries, Turkey has also positively affected. Tourists coming to rest just interacting partners in this line, the new tourism flows rather than leisure tourism adventure tourism, eco-tourism, heritage tourism and a number of tourists traveling with historical tourism and similar tools have turned our country.

Turkey's tourism-related efforts probably will begin after this stage. $ 6 billion in tourism revenues, I find, as in other countries, is vital in Turkey. The share of tourism income in Turkey is around 3.5% in the shaft. In addition, tourism is an important sector in terms of employment. Therefore ensure continuity in existing tourist flow and to increase the number of visitors from more than one incoming, will be paying attention to the source.

The accommodation is very quick and done in low quality of convenience, especially seaside resort settlements in the tourist season the worst environmental conditions caused by the continuation of the construction noise - ado, to take care of your natural features, increasing sea pollution, water - power failure, the urban poor settlements and towns The loss of identity of the city with almost erased the traces of the past work, their major and are only associated with the physical environment. In addition, the book issues, conflicting behaviors in various places against bad business tourists (especially for the price) are other issues affecting tourism in human-induced behavior like this.

3.Iç Tourism

Close to mention domestic tourism in Turkey until the time it is not so easy. Usually relatives - spend a holiday with friends to visit, based on the shape of the country's ruling. Go to the cottage and it was like to participate in some of the regulations across the country as various exhibitions events. Of the population, the increase of the owner of the car and welfare and the impact of a number of other factors, has been able to pass on holiday now.

Our country, the number of holidays is more advanced than in the industrialized countries and a way to further improve the artificial increases in the proportion of that holiday. Naturally, the population is spread evenly throughout the holidays is not possible to talk about the possibility. But any way, especially among the working class, spend a short or long term holiday is now institutionalized.

4.Turizm Effects

Tourism takes place or the country or region in which it begins to develop as well as on the space, also on the economic and social structure, due to the change caused, there are positive and negative effects. The emergence of a variety of job opportunities in services caused by the tourism possibilities of positive change interrupting service on a specific area to bring about environmental issues, it may be negative.

Positive and negative effects of the many tourism are gathered under three main groups.

1.Ekonomik Effects

2.Toplumsal - Cultural Influences

3. Environmental - Ecological Effects

4.1.Ekonomik Effects

The economic impact of the direct or indirect effects felt in almost every sector of the economy of tourism is the most important influence that led to the promotion in almost every country developed or developing. These effects are as follows due to the reflection of the economic impact in so many ways

Effects of construction and operation of the facility 1.Turizm

Impact on the balance 2.Öd description

I 3.Istihda

Impact on Development 4.Bölgesel

They 5.Sekt rivalry

6.Devlet's Earnings

4.1.1. Impact on Balance of Payments

International tourism should be developed in development, as well as developing countries to increase revenue from outside the country of the main goals is to try to provide the balance of payments. international tourism;

a) A growing industry

b) In contrast to the raw or finished article, the tourism market is becoming extremely small. It is mainly concerned with the market is the market the manufacturer's feet.

c) an indication for the diversification of the tourism economy in many countries. For these reasons, plays a major role in increasing the foreign entries.

International tourism is about 6% of total world trade. The share of foreign sales in most of the developed or developing countries is much higher. However, this contribution to the balance of payments is determined by the share of foreign currency compared with that from the going out of the country of their expenses. costs and expenses incurred related to these net contribution of foreign tourists to the international tourism balance of payments calculated by comparing correctly. These costs and income, vary according to the international tourism organizations. These are;

The cost of goods and services used by tourists 1.Ithal

Costs related to the exchange of sanctions made 2.Turizml;

3.Disari to payments made in the following ways

a) Foreign tourism company profits, and capital they send links

b) the fees paid to be outside the labor force

c) interest payments made to foreign investment

d) The right to facilities such as hotel chains or registration payments

e) Foreign travel agencies and tour payments made by the Operator

Forming public opinion and propaganda expenses in 4.Disari